1. Screening and individualized early detection
Diagnostic pathway for PROSTATE TUMOR is important for timely detection of PO, balances diagnostic accuracy with burden on the individual and healthcare provider. Patient-specific factors such as lower urinary tract symptoms, family history, age, and comorbidities should always be considered.
Men may enter the diagnostic pathway by various indicators, including clinical symptoms, individual early detection , or screening (population-based). The spread of PO' and significant PO' depends on the indicator, leading to different profitability of the next diagnostic path.
1.1. Prostatitis-specific antigen (PA)
Prostatitis-specific antigen test will be a part of it regardless of which way the patient goes to PO' diagnosis.
1.2. Clinical signs
Symptoms usually appear late in the natural history of a prostatitis tumor and therefore localized PO' is usually asymptomatic. Local development may cause symptoms such as PSYB(lower urinary tract symptoms), erectile dysfunction (ED), seizures, pain, hematospermia or hematuria. Bone metastases can cause pain or spinal cord compression. Digital rectal examination (RRT) and PA are usually part of the initial diagnostic work-up in such cases, after which the further diagnostic algorithm can be initiated. Definite diagnosis usually depends on histopathological examination of prostate biopsy cores. However, men with high suspicion of malignancy (e.g. poor prostate sensation, PA > 100 ng/ml and positive bone scan) may avoid biopsy, especially if pre-existing co-morbidities preclude secondary treatment. As a major risk factor for PO', there is very little time to start a diagnostic evaluation. The risk of clinically significant PO' before age 50 is recommended for men with a family history of PO' and 40 years for men with possible BRCA2 mutations the risk of detecting clinically insignificant cancers leading to treatment should be discussed.The individual benefit or harm due to early detection for men is difficult to accurately estimate, but the effect may be greater because screening trials do not use the dilutive effect of intention-to-treat analysis.
The age at which early detection attempts should be stopped remains controversial, but given human life expectancy Asymptomatic men with an average life expectancy of less than fifteen years are unlikely to benefit from early diagnosis of prostate cancer and are at high risk of being overdiagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Men with a life expectancy of less than 10-15 years should not have a PA test unless they have symptoms or clinical signs of prostate cancer.
